In addition, Ca(2+) influx may confer cell wall thickening of conducting elements. Apparently, phytoplasma infection brings about Ca(2+) influx into sieve tubes, leading to sieve-plate occlusion by callose deposition or protein plugging. We focused on the effects of phytoplasma infection on phloem mass-flow performance and evaluated whether phytoplasmas induce sieve-plate occlusion. Hence, phytoplasma-phloem relationships were investigated here in intact Vicia faba host plants using a set of vital fluorescent probes and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Methods to study phytoplasma- induced changes thus far provoked massive, native occlusion artifacts in sieve tubes. Phytoplasma infection severely impairs assimilate translocation in host plants and might be responsible for massive changes in phloem physiology. Phytoplasmas are obligate, phloem-restricted phytopathogens that are disseminated by phloem-sap-sucking insects. Musetti, Rita Buxa, Stefanie V De Marco, Federica Loschi, Alberto Polizzotto, Rachele Kogel, Karl-Heinz van Bel, Aart J E Phytoplasma-triggered Ca(2+) influx is involved in sieve-tube blockage.
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